Trimethylolethane

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Chemical Name and Synonyms: 1,1,1-Tris(hydroxymethyl)ethane; 2-Methyl-2-hydroxymethyl-1,3-propanediol.

Abbreviation: TME.

Molecular Formula: C₅H₁₂O₃

Molecular Weight: 120.15

CAS No.: 77-85-0

EINECS No.: 201-063-9

Structural Formula:

Physicochemical Properties:

At room temperature, it exists as a white crystalline granular or lumpy solid. It is odorless, with a melting point of 200–203°C. It is soluble in water; its solubility in water and alcohols (at 25°C) is: 140 g/100 g water, 75.2 g/100 g methanol, and 27.9 g/100 g ethanol.

TME is essentially non-toxic; acute oral toxicity data for mice indicates an LD₅₀ > 5 g/kg.

Characteristics and Applications:

The molecular structure of Trimethylolethane is similar to that of Trimethylolpropane (TMP), as it contains three primary hydroxyl groups. However, it possesses a high melting point; its compact neopentyl structure and high hydroxyl content impart excellent heat resistance, light resistance, hydrolysis resistance, and oxidation resistance to polymers. It is utilized in the production of high-quality alkyd resins and polyester resins for use in coatings and powder coatings. Its polyol ester derivatives serve as lubricants, as well as plasticizers and stabilizers for plastics and titanium dioxide pigment coatings. Its nitrate esters are employed in explosives and propellants. Furthermore, the substance itself can be utilized as a solid-phase thermal energy storage medium.

In the field of polyurethanes, TME—much like TMP—can be used to synthesize branched polyurethane polyols, serving as a polyurethane crosslinker, a starter for polyether polyols, and similar applications. It finds use in various products such as polyurethane coatings, elastomers, and foams.